This guide explores the Australian Water Use Efficiency (WUE) journey and provides practical examples of how Australia has improved its WUE. It aims to provide some insights for other countries who are facing water scarcity and the parallel need to increase agricultural productivity. The intensity of any focus on acheiving WUE is driven primarily by water scarcity and growing competition for limited water resources. Without scarcity WUE is often a byproduct of other productivity factors.